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"Acknowledging the impact of sociological factors on the survey process, this book introduces a paradigm for the cognitive interview process. It introduces the interpretive approach to cognitive interviewing, presents the underlying theoretical foundations, and explores the issues relating it. The book also addresses the various aspects of data collection, analysis, and documentation. It is an ideal reference for survey researchers and practitioners in the social sciences who utilize these techniques in their everyday work and as a supplement for courses on survey methods at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels"--

Through the use of some purposeful anachronisms, Tom Stoppard uses his 1993 play Arcadia to explore the effects on man's psyche of the transition from Newton's Laws to the laws of thermodynamics and from thermodynamics to chaos theory. However, remarkably similar reactions to these changes are also reflected in works from the actual time periods following these shifts in scientific understanding. Modernist literature is believed by many to reflect a sense of depression about the implications of the second law of thermodynamics, which is exemplified in T. S. Eliot's 1922 poem The Waste Land. Likewise, the comfort provided by the revisions to thermodynamics made by chaos theory are reflected frequently in contemporary popular culture, such as in the current television series Numb3rs. Through the invocation of science, all three works suggest that man is uncomfortable with too much predictability and that comfort can instead be found in chaos and unpredictability.

"Acknowledging the impact of sociological factors on the survey process, this book introduces a paradigm for the cognitive interview process. It introduces the interpretive approach to cognitive interviewing, presents the underlying theoretical foundations, and explores the issues relating it. The book also addresses the various aspects of data collection, analysis, and documentation. It is an ideal reference for survey researchers and practitioners in the social sciences who utilize these techniques in their everyday work and as a supplement for courses on survey methods at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels"--

Insightful observations on common question evaluation methods and best practices for data collection in survey research Featuring contributions from leading researchers and academicians in the field of survey research, Question Evaluation Methods: Contributing to the Science of Data Quality sheds light on question response error and introduces an interdisciplinary, cross-method approach that is essential for advancing knowledge about data quality and ensuring the credibility of conclusions drawn from surveys and censuses. Offering a variety of expert analyses of question evaluation methods, the book provides recommendations and best practices for researchers working with data in the health and social sciences. Based on a workshop held at the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), this book presents and compares various question evaluation methods that are used in modern-day data collection and analysis. Each section includes an introduction to a method by a leading authority in the field, followed by responses from other experts that outline related strengths, weaknesses, and underlying assumptions. Topics covered include: Behavior coding Cognitive interviewing Item response theory Latent class analysis Split-sample experiments Multitrait-multimethod experiments Field-based data methods A concluding discussion identifies common themes across the presented material and their relevance to the future of survey methods, data analysis, and the production of Federal statistics. Together, the methods presented in this book offer researchers various scientific approaches to evaluating survey quality to ensure that the responses to these questions result in reliable, high-quality data. Question Evaluation Methods is a valuable supplement for courses on questionnaire design, survey methods, and evaluation methods

Objective: This study sought to investigate the prevalence of laparoscopic surgeon injury/illness symptoms and evaluate associations between symptoms and operating room ergonomics. Background: Although laparoscopic procedures significantly benefit patients in terms of decreased recovery times and improved outcomes, they contribute to mental fatigue and musculoskeletal problems among surgeons. A variety of ergonomic interventions and applications are implemented by surgeons to reduce health problems. Currently, there is a gap in knowledge regarding a surgeon's individual assessment of the operating room, an assessment that, in turn, would prompt the implementation of these interventions. Method: A new survey instrument solicited information from surgeons ( N = 61) regarding surgeon demographics, perception, frequency of operating room equipment adjustment, and self-reported symptoms. Surgeons responded to questions addressing safety, ergonomics, and fatigue in the operating room, using a 5-point Likert-type scale that included the option undecided. Results: Surgeons who responded undecided were more likely to experience symptoms of injury/illness than respondents who were able to assess the features of their operating rooms. Symptoms were experienced by 100% of participants. The most prevalent symptoms were neck stiffness, back stiffness, and back pain. Conclusion: This study supports hypotheses that surgeons are experiencing body part discomfort and indicators of fatigue that may be associated with performing laparoscopy. Results suggest that awareness, knowledge, and utilization of ergonomic principles could protect surgeons against symptoms that lead to occupational injury. Application: The purpose of this brief report is to convey the importance of ergonomic principles in the operating room, specific to laparoscopic surgery and surgeon injury/illness symptoms.

O objetivo foi descrever e analisar os impactos da Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) de Santo Antônio na saúde da comunidade de Teotônio (Porto Velho, RO). Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para descrever a saúde da comunidade. Os dados sobre doenças relacionadas à construção de UHEs foram obtidos no DataSus e na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, e por entrevista e análise documental. Utilizou-se a framework Múltiplas Exposições-Múltiplos Efeitos adaptada para análise dos dados. Notaram-se tendências crescentes nas doenças analisadas após a UHE no município e estado. Não foi possível comprovar relações concretas entre as doenças na comunidade e a instalação da usina, ao mesmo passo que não se pode negar os efeitos de grandes projetos sobre a saúde. Recomenda-se a realização de novos estudos.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) may significantly impact treatment outcomes for depression in primary care. An analysis of patients in collaborative care was conducted to explore the association between SDOH and depression baseline scores and treatment outcomes as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9). Although individuals' baseline PHQ9 scores did not differ by SDOH flag, there was a direct effect of SDOH on PHQ9 reduction rates. SDOH did not significantly moderate the association between collaborative care treatment and depression outcomes. Individuals flagged with SDOH showed higher depression scores at the end of the treatment despite a higher clinical dosage. Routine screening for SDOH in collaborative care and primary care should be further explored.

Die Autorin untersucht die Bedeutung von Kultur, Sprache und sozioökonomischen Faktoren im Frage-Antwort-Prozess bei allgemeinen Gesundheitssurveys. Sie stellt hierzu zwei Forschungsprojekte mit kognitiven Interviews vor, die zum einen in der ländlichen Region des Mississippi im Januar 2002 und zum anderen in Hyattsville und Northwest Ohio im Sommer 2003 durchgeführt worden sind. Sie verdeutlicht anhand von Beispielen, dass psychologische Modelle des Frage-Antwort-Prozesses nicht vollständig umfassend sind, dass der soziale Kontext den Prozess beeinflusst, in welchem der Teilnehmer auf eine bestimmte Frage antwortet und dass dies Auswirkungen auf die Qualität und die Nutzbarkeit der Erhebungsdaten hat. Die Autorin möchte mit ihren Ausführungen insbesondere eine größere Aufmerksamkeit auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Antwortfehler und der sozialen Lage des Befragten lenken. (ICI)

Kognitive Interviews werden - in der Regel im Pretest - eingesetzt um zu untersuchen, wie die Befragten Fragen verarbeiten und verstehen. Die Verfasser legen Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung vor, bei der Fragen aus der interkulturell vergleichenden Forschung untersucht wurden. Sie verwenden ein Codierungs-System, das das Verständnis von Schlüsselbegriffen durch die Befragten, die Fähigkeiten der Befragten, sich zur Beantwortung der Fragen notwendige Informationen zu beschaffen, Entscheidungsprozesse bei der Bewertung oder Bearbeitung solcher Informationen und die Vorstellungen berücksichtigt, die ein Befragter mit einer bestimmten Antwort verbindet. Diese Codes wurden auf die unstrukturierten schriftlichen Notizen der Interviewer angewendet. Die Verfasser ergänzen die Codierung und Tabellierung der Ergebnisse durch die schriftlichen Kommentare der Interviewer. Sie fragen zudem nach Merkmalen der Befragten, die einen Einfluss auf die Fragenbeantwortung haben könnten (Geschlecht, Ethnizität, Alter, Sprache). Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Bewertung der Stärken, Schwächen und methodologischen Brauchbarkeit dieses Forschungsansatzes. (ICE)